Unit 4 A charity show --（通用3篇）

Unit4Acharityshow--篇1

unit4acharityshow

(一)

一.词汇识记

1.job:n.(问职业what’syourjob?ahardjob;hardwork)

2.advertise: v. anadvertisement;advertiseontheinternet

3.introduce: v.introduction;introducesbtosb

4.duty:onduty;who’sondutytoday?

5.seem:seem+adj;seem+todo;itseems+thatclause

6.business:businessman;onbusiness

7.takepartin参加某项活动或运动，在活动中起积极地、主要的作用

join  加入某个组织、团体。指成为其中一个成员

8.organization:n.---organizev. ----organizedadj.

9.public:n.thepublic

10.hang:v.悬挂（hung/hanged）；绞死（hanged）

thecurtainsshouldbehungacrossthestage.

二.表达与运用

1.besure确信，自信，有把握

i’msureyouwillwin.

2.giveout分发，散发；用完，耗尽

weshouldgiveoutleafletstoaskpeopletodonatemoney.

3.voice,sound,noise

voice主要指人发出的嗓音

“doyouhaveawatch?”heaskedinalowvoice.

sound泛指声音，指能听到的声音

thesoundofrunningwatersenthitosleep.

noise指人们不愿听到的噪音

don’tmakesomuchnoise.thebabyissleeping.

4.success;succeed;successful;successfully

willitbea___________?

failureisthemotherof_____________?

iwanttobea____________businessmanwhenigrowup.

atlasthe____________passedalltheexams.

therearemanywaysto_____________.

5.inthebeginning

inthebeginning,hedidn’tlikeenglish.

frombeginningtoend,hedidn’tsayaword.

atthebeginningofthemeeting,hetoldastory

6.because/becauseof

hedidnotcome_______________hewasill.

thefansmadealotofnoise_____________thepopstars.

theycouldn’tgototheshow______________theexams.

billisveryglad_______________hehaspassedtheexam.

7.hope/wish

i_____________toseeyousoon.

i_____________youtohelpmewithmyenglish.

he___________hehadnotsaidthat.

i___________itwillbefinetomorrow.

三.重点句型

1.bechosentobethehostofacharityshow             2.advertiseontheinternet

3.giveoutleaflets                            4.askpeopletodonatemoney

5.sellbookstoraisemoney                    6.helppooryounggirlsreturntoschool

7.practicealot                              8.keepaskingoneself

9.makealotofnoise                         10.doeverythingright

11.havenotimetodosth                           12.speakloudly

13.seemtodosth                              14.seemangry/tobeangry

15.havealotofsupportfromlocalbusinesses       16.takepartintheshow

17.manyotherduties                           18.bechosenasthehostoftheshow

19.atabigtheatre                              20.makeyourvoicesoundlouder

21.hanginfrontofthestage                     22.atbothsidesofthestage

23.onlyifyousleeplessduringtheday.

24.iwashelpingwithacharityshowtoraisemoneyforprojectgreenhope.

25.itwasmyjobtointroduceeachstar.

26.‘willitbeasuccess?’ikeptaskingmyself.

27.‘notimetobenervousanymore.thisisit,’itoldmyself.

28.everythingseemedtohappensofast,andnowitisallover.

29.whatwillthemoneybeusedfor?

30.wehavearrangedworkamongthestudents.

四.语法知识

1.onlyif  是对if的强调形式,意思仍然是"如果,倘若,只要”如:

we’llgoonlyiftheweatherisfine.

onlyifyouarenotfreethisevening,i’llcomesomeotherday.

---canijointhecharitytalk? ---onlyifyouareovereighteenyearsold.

2.itwasmyjobtointroduceeachstar.

itisapleasuretomeetyou.

3.seemtodo

sheseemstoknowthesecret.

itseemsthatit’sgoingtorain.

heseemedabitnervous.

4.itmakesyourvoicesoundlouder.

五.书面表达

writinganarticleaboutacharityshow.

六homework:

1.背出(p60—65)words, reading,phrases

2.梳理unit4的知识要点

3.完成《中考作业本》8bunit4的练习；

(二)

一.词汇识记

1.arrangement:n.----arrangev.---arrangebadmintonpractices

2.speakern.扬声器，喇叭

speechn.演讲 makeaspeech

3.education:n.---educatev.

4.among prep在…中用于三个或三个以上的人或物中,或者笼统的一群人或一些物之中.eg.therearesomeamericanstudentsamongus.

between prep在两者之间 eg.what’sthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?

betweenyouandme不能说成betweenyouandi

5.phone vt.phone是telephone的缩写形式.同义词call(up)/ring(up)

phonesb.=callsb.eg.hewillphonemeintheevening.

拓展:用作名词时是”电话机电话”

eg.italkedwithheron/overthephone/telephone

6.snowy:adj有雪的 -----rainy,windy,sunny,foggy,

7.silent:adjkeepsilent; ---silencen.

8.purpose:aim,goal

9.rise:v.(rose,risen).thesunrisesintheeasteveryday.

二.表达与运用

1.theticketswillcost20yuaneach.

cost在句中作动词“花费,价值”

(1)sth.costs(sb)somemoney

eg.anewcomputercostsalotofmoney

(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb)sometime

rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.

(3)cost还可以作名词,意思为”费用”

eg.atlast,workoutthecostofthetripperperson.

thecostoftakingtheplaneisveryhigh.

2.wewouldliketothankthefollowingpeoplefortheirhelpandsupport.

thanksomebodyforsomething“为某事感谢某人

ithankyouforyoursupport.

3.theirfamilieshavenomoneysothechildrenhavetogotoworkinstead

.instead;insteadof.

instead通常位于句末，insteadof“代替，而不是”后接名词,代词或动名词。

1)i’lltakehisclassinstead.我将代他上课。

2)i’lltaketheclassinsteadofhim.

3)iwillgotoschoolonfootinsteadofbybiketomorrow.

4)wearegoingtoplayfootballinsteadofbasketball.

5)wearegoingtoswiminsteadofhiking

4.setup建立，设立，创立

setupagoodexample;setupashop

5.aftersfewsongs,therewasabreak.

break在句子中作名词,意为"休息,暂停”

let’shaveabreak./rest

thereisusuallyaten-minutebreakbetweenclasses.

拓展:多用作动词,意为"打破,打碎,损坏,违反”(broke,broken)

breakacup打破茶杯 breakone’spromise食言breakthelaw 违反法律

breakrules破坏规章制度

broken adj.打破的 eg.thewindowisbroken.

6.thehostcameonstagewithamicrophoneinhishand.

(1)comeon意为"出场,登台”

thefamousfootballplayercameonlate.这位著名球员出场晚了.

(2)withamicrophoneinhishand是with复合结构的构成形式伴随状语.

eg.heusedyosleepwithallthewindowsopen.

thegirlfellasleepwiththelighton.

theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand

withthesewords,helefthisoffice.

三.重点词组

1.payforone’seducation                   2.abig/greatsuccess

3.designsomeposters                      4.workonacharityshow

5.nameoftheshow/charity                 6.ticketprice,thepriceoftheticket

7.talkaboutholdingacharityshow           8.acharitycalledprojecthope

9.doaveryimportantjob                   10.cost20yuaneach

11.setupthestage                        12.calltheshowsunshineforall

13.phonesb.                             14.havelotsoffreetime

15.keepsilent                            16.makeasentence/makesentences

17.fromnowon                           18.dayandnight                        

19.firstofall                             20.raisemoneytobuildschools               

21.gotoworkinsteadofgoingtoschool       22.afun/funnyevening

23.thanksbfor(doing)sth                   24.donatemoneytodosth

25.makethisshowpossible                  26.ticketsforacharityshow

27.clapandshoutexcitedly/withexcitement    28.performonthestage

29.speak/talkinalow/highvoice              30.donationsarewelcome

31holdanothershownextyear

四.语法知识

1.passivevoiceinsimplefuturetense

主语+willbe/begoingtobe+done

2.passivevoiceinpresentperfecttense

主语+have/has+been+done

3.passivevoicewithmodalverbs

主语+can/may/must/should+be+done

五.书面表达

writeaspeech

六.homework

1.背出words,maintaskandphrases

2.梳理unit4的知识要点

3.完成《中考作业本》8bunit4的练习；

Unit4Acharityshow--篇2

unit4acharityshow

一、教学内容：

unit4acharityshowlanguagepoints

二、教学目标：

掌握课文中的重点语言点及用法

1.wecanadvertiseontheinternet.

advertiseontheinternet

lookforthingsontheinternet

2.weshouldgiveoutleafletstoaskpeopletodonatemoney

giveoutleaflets散发传单

asksb.todo

3.whydon’tweorganizeacharityshow?

whynotorganizeacharityshow?

shallweorganizeacharityshow?

表建议，其回答是agoodidea.

4.raisemoneyforprojectgreenhope为……筹集钱

projectgreenhope－protectriversandlakesliketheyellowriverandtheyangtseriverinchina

* raise(vt.)筹集；抬高;养育；提出

* 抬高 raiseyourarms   

raisethepriceoftheticket

* 养育raiseafamily/children

* 提出raiseanimportantquestion

5.ifelthappywhentheorganizerchosemetobethehost.

organizer   organization

organize(vt.)  organizeacharityparty

eg.thegirl_______thewelcomepartyverywell.

• projecthopeisapopular________forhelpingpeopleinneed.

• danielisanableboyandhewaschosentobethe______oftheparty.

choosesb.tobe… 选某人当……

• choosesb.todo…选某人做……

who/whomwillyouchoose_____(be)yournewmonitor?（tobe）

wechosejacktobe/asournewmonitor.

被动句：jackwaschosentobe/asmonitor.

从……挑选  choose…from/between…

choosecorrectonefromthefollowing/betweenthetwo.

译：蛋糕太多了，不知要选哪一个。

therearetoomanycakestochoosefrom.

6.itwasmyjobtointroduceeachstar.我的工作是(给大家)介绍每位明星。

* itis+n./adj.+todosth.（形式主语）

* ＝todosth.is+n./adj./doingsth.is+n./adj.

itisanurse’sdutytolookafterpatients.

=____________________________

itwasn’tverydifficulttofallasleepbecauseiwassotiredlastnight.

=____________________________

教好你们英语是我的职责，但同时努力学好它是你们的职责。

itismyduty/jobtoteachyoutolearnenglishwellbutatthesametimeitisyourdutytoworkhardatit.

成为一位优秀的学生是我的梦想。

itismydreamtobe/becomeatopstudent.

7.ihadtoremembertolookattherightcameraattherighttime.

right-合适的;正确的

weshouldlearntodoeverythingintherightorder.

guessthemeaningof“right”:

√ heistherightmanforthejob.

√ thoseshoeswerejustrightinsize.

√ what’stherighttime?   adj.

√ areyouright ?       adj.

√ allright.

√ that’sallright.

√ that’sright.

mygrandpaalwaysrememberstobuymesomesweetswhenhecomestoseeme.

ican’tremembersendingane-mailtoyoubefore.i’mreallysorryihaveforgottenthat.

remembertodosth.记住去做某事(此事还没做)         

rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事

类似

forgettodosth.  忘记去做某事(此事还没做)

forgetdoingsth.  忘记曾经做过某事

8.inthebeginning,ithoughtiwouldneverbeabletorememberallthewordsanddoeverythingrightatthesametime.

inthebeginning＝atthebeginning/atfirst一开始

* opposite intheend/atlast/finally

* atthebeginningofthestreet/theterm“在……的开始”

* opposite attheendofthestreet/theterm

最后，我们赢得了篮球比赛。

intheend/atlast,wewonthebasketballmatch.

在会议快结束时，我们观看了一场歌舞表演。

attheendofthemeeting,wewatchedasinginganddancingperformance/show.

9.“willitbeasuccess?”ikeptaskingmyself.

* success:1)u.n成功;成就 

have/getsuccessin…

2)c.n成功的人；成功的事         

successes

jayisasuccessasasinger.

lianzhan’svisittothemainlandisasuccess.

* keep(on)doingsth.不断/持续做某事

theboykeptaskinghisteachersomestrangequestions.

keepv.

保存keepoldletters(inthebox)

保持keepclam  keepthebabywarm

饲养keepadog  

保守keepasecret

防止;抑制(常与from连用)

keepchildrenawayfromthehotstove

keep/stop/preventusfromthedangerouslions

10.“notimetobenervousanymore.thisisit.”itoldmyself.

我告诉自己：“没有是时间紧张了，这就是关键时刻！”

notimetobenervousanymore.

=thereisnotimetobenervousanymore.

thisisit.

it用来指“最好的、最渴望得到的事情或机会等”

这就是关键时刻，我们必须全力以赴。

thisisit---wemustdoourbest.

11.everythingseemedtohappensofast

seem“似乎，好像”。

* seem+adj./n./介词词组/todosth.

* itseems(tosb.)+(that)…(在某人看来)似乎……

theoldmanalwaysseemssad/tobesad.

=theplanseemedasuccess/tobeasuccess.

itseemsthatthere’ssomethingstrangeabouttony’sdeath.

=there___________________somethingstrangeabouttony’sdeath.

theredidn’tseemtobeanyhopetoseethepopstar.

=itseemedhopelesstoseethepopstar.

12.alotofmoneyhasbeendonatedtoprojecthope.

* donatesth…to… 向……捐赠sth.

* sth.bedonatedto…

thebusinessmandonatedlotsofmoneytothehospital.

lotsofmoneywasdonatedtothehospitalbythebusinessman.

13.…wehadalotofsupportfromlocalbusinesses.

business(c.n公司;企业;businesses; u.n商业;商务;生意)

—howisyourbusiness?—notbad.

myfatherhasbeeninbeijingonbusinessforaweek.

14.ihopewecanhavemoreeventslikethiswillbeorganized…

ihopetoseeyousoon.

* hopetodosth./(that)+从句

* inthehopeof…抱有……希望

iwenttosuzhouagaininthehopeofseeingmyoldfriendslastoctober.

【典型例题】

一、词汇

1.iwantto_________(登广告)ontheradiotoletmorepeopleknowaboutthecharityshow.

2.thebusinessmanfromamerica__________(捐赠)alotofmoneytoprojecthopeyesterday.

3.iwanttotakesomephotos,couldyoupleaselendmea_________(照相机)?

4.youmustpaymore____________(注意力)toyourspelling.

5.thestudentsareholdingameetingtomakesome__________(决定)abouthowtoholdacharityshow.

6.wouldyoumindmy__________(介绍)myself.iamjohngreen.

7.acharityisan____________(组织)thatgiveshelptopeopleinneed.  

8.the_________(观众)wereexcitedontheopeningnightoftheplay.

9.thecharityshowheldbyclass1,grade8wasreallyabig________.(成功)   

10.theplayisgoingtostartsothe_______(幕)rosetenminutesago.

【答案】

1.advertise  2.donated    3.camera   4.attention  5.decisions

6.introducing  7.onganization  8.audience  9.success  10.curtain

二、选择填空(10’)

1.missyangknowshowtomakeapaperboat.i_______hertohelpus.

a.hope       b.don’tmind   c.think        d.wish

2.gotoaskmr.zhang.heseems____________it.

a.understand   b.understanding c.tounderstand d.understood

3.thewounded(受伤的)soldierkeptclimbingthetreetoescapefromtheenemy.themeaningoftheunderlinedphraseis_________

a.climbthetreeagainandagain    b.climbthetreeonce

c.goontoclimb                d.starttoclimbthetree

4.ihopeandy_________tojoinusinthecharitywork.

a.tocome  b.cancome  c.coming  d.come

5.myfatherisillsoiwillgotoseetheoldwoman___________.

a.insteadyou   b.instead      c.insteadof   d.ofinstead

6.mygrandpaknowslittleenglish,________hecan’tunderstandtheinstructions.

a.so          b.or          c.but         d.for

7.pleaseremember_______thewindow,youalwaysforget_______it.

a.closing;closing             b.toclose;closing 

c.closing;toclose              d.toclose;toclose

8.wehopethatjimcan_______________bethehostofthecharityshow.

a.chooseto    b.bechooseto  c.bechosento  d.chosento

9.itis________,andyoumust__________atit.

a.hardwork;workhard         b.ahardwork;working–hard

c.workhard;hard–working       d.hard-working;workhard

10.kittyisgeneroustoothers.____,sheoftensaysbadwordsaboutothers.

a.but        b.so         c.however   d.and

【答案】

accbb abcaa

三、用所给动词的正确形式填空.

1.wehope___________(see)yousoon.

2.iwillnotgotoseethefilmbecausei____________(see)ittwice.

3.let’s__________(watch)tvinsteadof___________(play)basketballontheplayground.

4.you _________(be)successfulonlyifyou__________(have)fewerdaydreams.

5.whydon’twe_______(organize)acharityshow_______(raise)moneyforthepoorchildren.

【答案】

1.tosee    2.haveseen   3.watch,playing

4.willbe,have  5.organize,toraise

四、句型转换(10’)

1.itwasmyjobtointroduceeachstar.

myjobwas_______ ____________eachstar.

2.localbusinessesgaveusalotofsupport.

alotofsupport_______________________us______localbusinesses.

3.sheseemstobeunhappytoday.

she_______ ________today.

4.ihadtostayathomebecauseitrainedheavily.

ihadtostayathomebecauseof________ ______ _______.

5.everythingseemedtohappensofast.

_________ _________thateverythinghappenedsofast.

6.youshouldspeakinaloudvoicebecausetherewasmuchnoise.

youshouldspeak________ _______________muchnoise.

7.ihopewecanhavemoreeventslikethis.

i______ _______havemoreeventslikethis.

8.shewasluckytomeetsomanyfamouspopstars.

it’s____________hertomeetsomanyfamouspopstars.

【答案】

1.tointroduce 2.wasgivento,by 3.seemsunhappy 4.theheavyrain

5.itseemed   6.loudlybecauseof 7.hopeto   8.luckyfor

五、改错

1.rickyworkedveryhardbecausehewantedtheshowtobesuccess.( )_________

a       b             c         d

2.becausehisbadleg,hecouldn’twalksofastastheothers.      ( )_________

a                b       c          d

3.becausenobodytoldheraboutthefilm,soshedecidedtowatchit.( )_________

a          b                c          d

4.i’mbusywritingaletter.wouldyougotothepartyinsteadme?  ( )__________

a   b                      c        d

5.i’mveryhungry.pleasegivemeabitbread.                 ( )___________

a          b   c  d

6.thestudentsarepracticingtosinganewsong.               ( )__________

a    b   c     d

【答案】

1.dbesuccessful  2.a becauseof   3.cso去掉

4.dinsteadof     5.c abitof      6.dsinging

六、根据汉语提示完成句子.(18’)

1.经理不希望更多的类似事件再次发生。

themanagerdoesn’twishmore ______ _______ _______to_______again.

2.你应该更努力的学习而不是整天玩耍。

youshouldworkhard___________ _________playingallthetime.

3.在这次慈善义演中我们得到当地企业的大力支持。

inthischarityshowwegot______ _____ ______from_____________.

4.我们衷心感谢那些捐款捐物帮忙的人们，使得这次义演成为可能。

we’dlike__________thepeoplewhohave____moneyandmaterialstohelp____theshow______.

5.如果你要成为一个优秀的主持人你必须做大量的练习.

youmust________alotifyouwantto______agoodhost.

【答案】

1.eventslikethis,happen  2.insteadof  3.lotsofsupport,localbusinesses

4.tothank,donated,make,possible 5.practise,be

Unit4Acharityshow--篇3

unit4acharityshow

一.教学内容：

unit4acharityshowgrammar

二.教学目标：

掌握unit4的语法结构和用法：

一般将来时的被动语态

含有情态动词(can,may,must,should)的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态

because&becauseof

经典讲解

语法一：一般将来时的被动语态

1.基本结构: 

1)shall/will+be+done

thenewfilmwillbeshownnextthursday.

这部新电影将在下周四上映。

weshallbepunishedifwebreaktherule.

如果我们违反规定，我们将要受到惩罚。

2）begoingto+be+done。如：

theproblemisgoingtobediscussedatthemeetingtomorrow.

这个问题将在明天的会议上被讨论。

【经典例题1】ipromisethatthismatter_____nextweek.

a.willbetakencare      

b.willtakecareof

c.willtakegoodcare      

d.willbetakencareof

【思路点拨】选d。从题干不难看出,一是从句中的thismatter和takecareof是被动关系;二是takecareof是固定搭配,不能拆开;三是相对于promise来说,takecareof是将要发生的动作。故从句谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。

【经典例题2】thesedictionaries_____thelibraryagain(byyou).

a.willbetakenoutof     b.won’tbetakenoutof 

c.willtakeoutof          d.won’ttakeoutof

【思路点拨】选b。由题干结构及句意可知,此题考查的是一般将来时的被动语态的否定式。

【经典例题3】theclass____oneverythingtheyhavelearntthisyear.

a.isgoingtobeexamining  

b.aregoingtoexamine

c.isgoingtobeexamined  

d.aregoingtobeexamined

【思路点拨】选d。题中theclass指全班同学,谓语动词应用复数形式,并且主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态。

【经典例题4】anexhibitionofpainting_____attheartmuseumwhenhecomesbackfromabroad.

a.isgoingtohold

b.isgoingtobeheld

c.aregoingtohold

d.aregoingtobeheld

【思路点拨】选b。根据题意,此处应用一般将来时的被动语态,而且主谓应保持一致。

2.各种结构形式。

肯定式主语+will（shall）＋be＋动词的过去分词

否定式主语+will（shall）＋not＋be＋动词的过去分词

疑问式will（shall）＋主语＋be＋动词的过去分词？

简略回答yes，主语＋will（shall）.no，主语＋won’t（shan’t）.

特殊疑问词+shall/will+主语+be+done...?

肯定式begoingto+be+done.

否定式benotgoingto+be+done.

疑问式am/is/aregoingto+be+done?

特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+goingtobe+done...?

3.使用一般将来时的被动语态时，应注意以下两点：

1)在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时表示将来时。同样，应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。

ifiamgivenenoughtime,iwillgotojapanformyholiday.

如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。

2)使用一般将来时的被动语态时，学生易遗漏被动式中的be。

【经典例题5】youcangoouttoplayfootballthisafternoonifyourhomework_____.(finish)

a.finishes   b.willbefinished c.isgoingtofinish  d.isfinished

【思路点拨】选d。根据题意,此处if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，而且根据homework与finish之间的关系用被动语态。

【典型例题】

一、从a、b、c、d四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.wearetoldthatanewcarfactory_____herenextyear.

a.willsetup   b.willbesetup c.wouldsetup   d.wouldbesetup    

2.theolympicgames_____inbeijing;severalbigchanges_____inthecapitalcity.

a.isheld;willmake            b.willbeheld;willmake

c.willbeheld;willbemade     d.isheld;make 

3.you_____ totakesomuchluggagewithyouontheplane.

a.willbeallowed     b.willallow   

c.won’tbeallowed    d.won’tallow 

4.you_____aroundourschoolthisafternoon.now,pleasehaveagoodrest.

a.areshown        b.wereshown   

c.aregoingtobeshown    d.willshow  

5.canyoutellmebywhomthetalk_____tomorrow?

a.willgive   b.willbegiven c.give    d.begiven

6.hundredsofjobs____ifthefactorycloses.

a.lose        b.willbelost c.arelost    d.willlose

7.thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures____.

a.willbetaken b.aretaken  c.weretaken   d.hadbeentaken

8.i____ififinishtheworkwithinoneday.

a.shallbepraised b.wouldpraise c.willpraise  d.praise

9.—apartyisgoingto____tonight.wouldyouliketogowithme?

—i’dliketo,butihavetolookaftermysickmother.

a.organize             b.havebeenorganized

c.beorganizing         d.beorganized

10.ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,thesportsmeet____intheplaygroundofourschool.

a.isholding  b.willhold  c.willbeheld d.istobeholding

【答案】

bcccb bbadc

二、翻译句子。

1.这个女孩太漂亮了!会有很多人喜欢的！ 

2.他一到达这个城市就会被认出。   

3.这项工作很快就完成了。

4.我们不会受到邀请。  

【答案】

whatabeautifulgirl!shewillbelovedbymanypeople!

hewillberecognizedassoonashearrivesatthiscity.

theworkisgoingtobedonesoon.

wewillnotbeinvited.

语法二：现在完成时的被动语态的构成与用法

现在完成时的被动语态是本课中的重要语法项目，为帮助同学们更好地学习和巩固此语法，现做了以下几点归纳：

（一）现在完成时的被动语态的构成

1.现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式

由“have/has＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

twowindowshavebeenbroken.两个窗子被打破了。

2.现在完成时的被动语态的否定式

由“have/has＋not＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

thecarhasnotbeenrepaired.这辆汽车还没有修好。

3.现在完成时的被动语态的一般疑问式

由“have/has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

①─hasherworkbeenfinished？她的工作完成了吗？

─yes，ithas.是的，完成了。

②─havethecarsbeenrepaired？这些汽车修好了吗？

─no，theyhaven’t.不，还没有。

4.现在完成时的被动语态的特殊疑问式

由“疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

howlonghasherworkbeenfinished？她的工作完成了多久？

whohasbeenhelpedbythenewcomputer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？

howmanynewwordshavebeenlearnedbythestudents？

这些学生已经学会了多少新单词？

（二）现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法

1.表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。

例1：thedoorhasbeenlocked.门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）

例2：thisworkhasbeenfinished,youmayhavearest.这项工作已被完成，你可以休息一会儿。

分析：该句强调这项工作已被完成对现在造成的影响是你没有必要再做了，强调这个影响，你可以休息一会儿。

例3：thisbookhasbeenreadbyme,youneedn’ttellmeanythingaboutit.这本书已被我读完，你没有必要告诉我有关它的任何东西。

分析：这本书已被我读完,对现在造成的影响是我已读懂其中内容，强调这个影响，你没有必要告诉我有关它的任何东西。

2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于howlong...？句型中。例如：

theyhavebeentoldaboutitformanytimes.有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）

howlonghasthemachinebeenused？这台机器使用了多久？

thisfilmhasbeenputonforhalfanhour.这场电影已放映了半个小时。

（三）使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题

1.现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。

2.注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：

thehousewasbuiltlastyear.这房子是去年建造的。

thehousehasbeenbuilt.这房子已经建好了。

3.由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow，join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如forfourdays，howlong等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例如：

译：这本书买了多久了？

误：howlonghasthisbookbeenbought？

正：howlongagowasthisbookbought？

但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。例如：

nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.自上周以来，没有人来买过书。

4.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：

theoldmanhasbeenwelllookedafter.这位老人一直受到很好的照顾。

【典型例题】

( )1.nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.

a.havekept  b.arekeeping  c.havebeenkeeping d.havebeenkept

( )2.thepot___for___hotwater.

a.used;keeping      b.wasused;keeping 

c.isused;tokeep     d.areused;keep

( )3.tea___inthesouthofchinaforhundredsofyears.

a.hasbeengrown     b.isgrown 

c.weregrown      d.willbegrown

( )4.thebridges___sincetwoyearsago.

a.havebeenbuilt b.havebuilt  c.werebuilt   d.wasbuilt

( )5.themeeting______since5o’clock.

a.hashad    b.had    c.havebeenhad   d.hasbeenhad

【答案】

dbaac

语法三：含有情态动词（can,maymust,should,oughtto）的被动语态

1、thisbikecanberepaired.

2、thetreemustbeputstraightinthehole.

3、theclassroomshouldbecleanedeveryday.

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：

wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.

—thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.

yououghttotakeitaway.

—itoughttobetakenaway.

theyshoulddoitatonce.

—itshouldbedoneatonce

肯定式：can/may/must/should/oughttobedone

否定式：can’t/maynot/mustn’t/shouldn’t/oughtnottobedone

疑问式：can/may/must/should/oughttobedone?

【典型例题】

一、选择题

( )1.theflowers___often.

a.mustbewater b.mustbewatered  c.mustwatered d.mustwater

( )2.thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.

a.bekept  b.beborrowed c.keep   d.borrow

( )3.thebrokenbike____herebymrsmith.

a.canmend  b.canmended c.canbemend d.canbemended

( )4.theriversmellsterrible.peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.

a.bestoppedtothrow    b.bestoppedfromthrowing

c.stoptothrow     d.stopfromthrowing

( )5.theteapot___water.

a.isfilledwith b.filledof  c.fillingof  d.filled

( )6.oldpeoplemustbe___politely.

a.speakto  b.spoken  c.speak   d.spokento

( )7.oldpeoplemust___.

a.lookafterwell     b.belookedwellafter

c.lookedwellafter    d.belookedafterwell

【答案】

badbadd

二、完成下列句子

1.ithinkonedaybooksmay________(place)completely.

2.mybike___________(leave)atschool,soihavetotakethebustoschooltoday.

3.thebattery__________(change)yet.howcaniusemyrecorder?

4.papershouldnot_________(throw)away.

5.booksandothermaterialcan_________(borrow)fromthelibrary.

6.i’veboughtasecond-handmp3player—andabout1,000songshave________(download)ontoit!

7.hasthecomputer__________(repair)yet?ineedtowritemyarticlewithit.

8.whathas___________(turnon)?theradio. 

【答案】

1.beplaced 2.hasbeenleft 3.hasn’tbeenchanged 4.bethrown

5.beborrowed 6.beendownloaded 7.berepaired 8.beenturnedon

语法四：because&becauseof的用法

区别：because+aclauseofreason

becauseof+noun./pronoun

e.g.:ididnotgobecauseoftherain.

=ididnotgobecauseitrained.

hedidnotbuyapresentforhismotherbecausehehadnomoney.

=hedidnotbuythepresentforhismotherbecauseofnomoney.

practise:

daviddidn’tgotoschoolyesterday_________hiscold.

ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday_________ihadacold.

thefootballgameiscancelledtoday__________thesandstorm.

therewasatrafficjaminxuanwudistrict________acaraccident.

alotofpeopleweretrappedintheairport_______thebadweather.

because与so可以互换

1.becausewewanttoraisemoneyforcharity,weareorganizingashow.

wewanttoraisemoneyforcharitysoweareorganizingashow.

2.wewillholdameetingnextweekbecausewemustmakesomedecisions.

wemustmakesomedecisionssowewillholdameetingnextweek

3.wewillholdtheshowindoorsbecausetheweathermightbebad.

theweathermightbebadsowewillholdtheshowindoors.

4.wewillneedalotofpeoplebecausethereisalotofworktodo.

thereisalotofworktodosowewillneedalotofpeople.

【典型例题】

一、用括号内的词合并句子。

1.theyhelpedwiththefarmers,theyenjoyedworkingonthefarm(because).

2.lotsofpeoplewenttotheshow,thereweremanyfamouspopstars(so).

3.hespokeveryloudly,therewasalotofnoisethere(because).

4.heworkedveryhard,hewantedtheshowtobeasuccess(so)

二、仿照例句改写下列句子。

例如：rosefeltnervousbecausehesawthetvcameras.

rosefeltnervousbecauseofthetvcameras.

①lotsofpeopleknewabouttheshowbecausetheysawtheadvertisement.

②thefanswereveryexcitedbecausemanypopstartscame.

③wecouldn’tgototheshowbecausewehadtheexams.

④thegroundwaswetbecauseitrainedlastnight.

⑤thereweremanytreesontheroadbecausetherewasastrongwind.

【答案】

一、

1.theyhelpedwiththefarmersbecausetheyenjoyedworkingonthefarm.

2.thereweremanyfamouspopstarssolotsofpeoplewenttotheshow.

3.hespokeveryloudlybecausetherewasalotofnoisethere.

4.hewantedtheshowtobeasuccesssoheworkedveryhard.

二、

①lotsofpeopleknewabouttheshowbecauseofseeingtheadvertisement.

②thefanswereveryexcitedbecauseofmanypopstarts.

③wecouldn’tgototheshowbecauseoftheexams.

④thegroundwaswetbecauseoftherainlastnight.

⑤thereweremanytreesontheroadbecauseofastrongwind.