更新时间:2025-08-12 11:33:28
现在完成时一、 概念现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。二、 结构
现在完成时
构成
助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词
基
本
用法
1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰
2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for,since,inthepast,inthelast….,allthisweek,sofar等表示一段时间的状语
3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般汉语译为“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语
比
较
现在完成时和一般过去时
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作
现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等
一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系
注
意
事
项
1)have(has) been(to)与have(has) gone( to)的区别:have(has)been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have(has) gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能
2)itis/hasbeen+一段时间since某事发生这个句型里,since后是持续性动词时要理解为“某事结束后以经有多久了”;since后是短暂性动词时要理解为“某事发生后以经有多久了”
3)it/thisis+序数词time或最高级that后面的从句用现在完成时
4)含有终结或短暂意义的动词不能和一段时间搭配
肯定句:主语+助动词have/has+过去分词+其他
讲解:这里的have/has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。has,have的缩略式分别为's或've。
例如:
1)i'vejustcopiedallthenewwords.我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了)
2)shehaslostherbooks.她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到)
3)we'vejustcleanedtheclassroom.我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)否定句:主语+助动词have/has+not+过去分词+其他
讲解:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have/has后面加not就行。havenot,hasnot的缩略式分别为haven't,hasn't。另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分别改成any,yet。例如:
1)ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.我还没有完成我的作业。
2)hehasn'ttravelledonatrain.他没有坐火车旅行过。
3)wehaveneverspokentoaforeigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。
注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如:
4)ihaveneverseenhimbefore.以前我从来没有见过他。
一般疑问式:助动词have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?
讲解:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some,already改为any,yet就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“yes,主语+have/has.否定回答用“no,主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“no,notyet./no,never./no,notevenonce.”等。
例如:
1)—haveyouevermadedumplings?你曾经做过饺子吗?
—yes,ihave.是的,我做过。
2)—hasheeverbeenabroad?他曾经出过国吗?
—no,never.不,从来没有。
3)—havetheyfoundthelostmoneyyet?他们已经找到了丢失的钱吗?
—yes,theyhave.是的,他们找到了。
注意:当句中有否定词not,hardly(几乎不),never的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。
例如:youhavenevercometoourschool,haveyou?
你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗?
三、 现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”1.现在完成时的“完成用法”
现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:she has turned off the tv. 她已把电视关了。
(动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况——电视现在没有打开。)现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning/month /year...,today等)连用。
例如: have you found your pencil yet?你已找到你的铅笔了吗?
2.现在完成时的“未完成用法”
现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
例如:he has lived here since 1971. 自从1971年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1971年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
wehave been in the army for more than 5 years. 我们在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far到目前为止)等。
例如:i have heard nothing from her up to now. 到目前为止我没有她的任何消息。 注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。(2)现在完成时常见句型:
主语+have/has been+for短语
例如:he has been in the league for four years.他入团已经四年了。
3.延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。例如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。例如:open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的构成方法现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+现在分词”构成。二、现在完成进行时用法1.现在完成进行的基本用法表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止。例如:ithasbeenrainingsincelastmonday.自上周一以来就一直在下雨。she’sbeenwatchingtelevisionallday. 她看了整整一天电视。2.现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。例如:iamverytired.i’vebeentypinglettersallday. 一整天都在打信件,我太累了。susaneyesarered.shehasbeencrying. 苏姗一直在哭,眼睛都哭红了。现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
1.现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。例如:ihavewaitedfortwohours.我等了两小时。(陈述事实)ihavebeenwaitingfortwohours.我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)2.现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时。例如:hehaslivedinparis.他(一直)住在巴黎。hehasbeenlivinginparis.他(目前)住在巴黎。3.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时。例如:they’vebeenmarriedfortwentyyears. 他们结婚已二十年了。thewarhaslastedforalongtime. 这场战争持续了很长时间。4.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。例如:thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth. 这房子已经粉刷了一个月。theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.这个问题已经研究了五天。
m6u2 whatishappinesstoyou?
reading
1.thesearchforhappiness
1)名词insearchof/inone’ssearchfor搜寻
2)动词vt.searchsb./sp.(forsth)搜身,搜查某地 vi.searchfor寻找
thepoliceman_searched___thethiefandfoundseveralmobilephones.
tomydelight,mostofyouagreetosearch _forhappinessinstudy.
they__searched___alltheroom___for__themissingpapers.
thesebirdsflysouth__in______search_____of__wintersuneveryyear.
=thesebirdsflysouth__in__their____search_____for__wintersuneveryyear.
2.happinessmeansachievingsuccessinsomething,suchasmeetingagoal,
1)目的,目标 achieve/reach/realize/meetone’sgoal___________;
2)(球戏等的)得分,赢分 scoreagoal__________
3)mean的用法 _meantodo___;___meandoing___
eg.i’msorrytohavewrongedyou,butreallyididn’tmean__tohurt___(hurt)you.
ourteacher’ssmilemeant__allowing__(allow)ustogoswimming.
4)复习“成功做某事”
ourteacherhasachievedsuccessinteachingenglish.
=ourteacher__has__ _succeeded_ _in__ teachingenglish.
=ourteacher___is____successful_____in___teachingenglish.
=ourteacherhastaughtenglish__successfully__.
=ourteacher__has_ _managed_ __to__teachenglish.
3.tothosewhohavebeeninjuredorstrugglewithaphysicaldisability,…
1)injure伤害,损伤(主要指在事故中受伤);损害,伤害(自尊,名誉等)
hewasbadlyinjuredinthecaraccident. ________________________
iinjuredhispride. _______________________________
wound主要是指战场上,由武器造成的伤害。
hurt可指意外事故中受伤,可指某处疼痛,也可指感情受到伤害
damage,harm只强调损失,不表示伤痛
hewas___wounded____inthelegduringthewar.
shewasdeeply___hurt_____thatshehadnotbeeninvited.
2)v.strugglewith/against 与……斗争、抗争
struggleforsth 努力争取 struggletodosth 努力地做某事
n.carryonastruggle 进行斗争 takeupastruggle 从事、参加斗争
hestruggledwithcancerforfouryears._________________________
theshopkeeperstruggledagainstthethief.________________________
thetwoleadersarestrugglingforpower. _________________________
4.…toshowhowpeoplecanfindhappinessevenduringtimesofapersonalcatastrophe.
times时代;时势;境况(常用复)
thetimes当代 inmodern/ancienttimes在现/古代
thetimesaredifferent. ____________________
whatwonderfultimeswearenowlivingin!______________________
5.…theworldwasamazedbythewaysheremainedcheerful.
remain“仍是;保持”后接形容词、名词、介词短语等作表语。
+现在分词/过去分词
thetownremains_____thesame____(保持一样)asbefore.
heremainedinpoorhealth.___________________
thedoorremained___locked___(lock).
thehard-workingboyremained___workingon___(workon)thedifficultquestion.
muchremains__tobediscussed____(discuss)atthefollowingmeeting.
6. incasesomeofourviewersdon’tknowherstory,…
incase(that)后接从句;如果以防万一 incaseof后接短语在…时候,要是
justincase 以防万一(单独使用) inthis/thatcase在这种/那种情况下
inanycase无论如何不管怎样 innocase决不
eg.takeyourumbrellajustincaseitrains.______________________
incaseoffire,breaktheglass._____________________
innocaseshallweallowsmokingintheclassroom.__________________
____incaseof___therain,takeanumbrella.
____incase_______itrains,takeanumbrella.
takeanumbrella.__justincase____.
toyotarecalledmillionsofcarsbecauseofcases___c____carsspedupsuddenly.
a. which b. that c.where d.when
imayhavetogotohospital,_____c______iwon’tbegoingonholiday.
imayhavetogotohospital,and___b_____iwon’tbegoingonholiday.
a.incase b.inthatcase c.inwhichcase d.incaseof
7.bythetimeshecompetedinthegymnasticstournamentatthenewyorkgoodwillgames,shehadbeenajuniorgymnastforelevenyears.
看到by/bythetime 主句一般用完成时(过去/将来)
eg.bytheendof,we__willhavegraduated____(graduate).
bytheendof,we____hadgraduated_____(graduate).
bythetimewereachhome,they____willhaveleft____(leave).
bythetimewereachedhome,they___hadleft_____(leave).
8. herteammatesdescribedherasenergetic,happyandhardworking
describe…as…把……描述成
he_describes/describedhisschoollife__as__interestingandexciting.
9.eventhoughhertrainingmeantthatshehadtoliveapartfromherparents,shewashappytodevoteherselftogymnastics.
1).eventhough=__even____if__ 即使
2).devote(time/energy/oneself)tosth/doingsth献身;专心于;专注于
don’tdevotetoomuchtimetogames.__________________________________
hegaveuphisjobtodevotemoretimetohisfamily.______________________
shedevotedherselfto____fighting__(fight)fortherightsoftheblacks.
devotedadj.挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的bedevotedtosth/doingsth
shedevotedherselftoherchildren.
=she__was_____devoted____to__herchildren.
tomycomfort,ioftenfoundmydaughter___devoted___(devote)toreading.
3).apartfrom=separatelyfrom“离开”;还有besides/exceptfor的意思
_apart_____from___myparents,ihavenoonetocommunicatewith.
_apart______from__honesty,agoodstudentshouldalsobereadytohelpothers.
apartfromahouseinnanjing,theyalsohaveoneinbeijing.(=___besides___)
apartfromafewwords,idon’tknowanyfrenchatall. (=except__for__)
thewriterlivesapartfromhisfamily.______________________
shekeepsherselfapartfromotherpeople._______________________
10.in1998,asmallaccidentcouldhavecostherherfuturehappiness.
1.)情态动词复习
musthavedone_____________ may/might/could/canhavedone_____________
can’t/couldn’thavedone______________should(not)havedone________________
needn’thavedone____________________
---therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.
---it__d__acomfortablejourney
a.can’tbe b.shouldn’tbe c.mustn’thavebeen d.couldn’thavebeen
----whatdoyousupposehappenedtohim?
----idon’tknow.he___c___lost.
a.might get b.canhavegot c.mayhavegot d.willget
heknowssomuchaboutthefilm.hemusthaveseenthefilm,____c____?
a.mustn’the b.didn’the c.hasn’the d.hashe
2).cost:toleadtothelossofsomething 使……付出代价;花费
thatonemistakealmost____costhimhislife_______(使他失去生命).
theclosureofthefactorywillcost1,000jobs.___________________________
atthecostof以…为代价 atallcosts=atanycost不惜任何代价,无论如何
shesavedhimfromthefirebut__at____the____cost____of__herownlife.
heisdeterminedtowinatanycost.________________________________
11.shewasrushedtoatophospitalinnewyork…
rush 1)vi. 冲 2)vt.把……急忙送往 inarush=inahurry
sherushedintotheroom.________________________
rushthelettertothepostoffice____________________
ican’tstop—i’minarush. ______________________
12.leonardodicapriowenttoseeherinthehospitaltocheerherup.
cheerup(使)高兴起来
cheerup!thingsarenotasbadastheyseem._____________________
givemaryacall;sheneeds___to____be_____cheered___(cheer)up.
heseemstobeangry.you’dbettertakehimout__to__cheer___him___up_
13.allsaidshewasingoodspirits.
spirits复数表示“情绪”
beingood/highspirits_______________beinbad/lowspirits _____________
yourletterraisedmyspirits.______________________
dad’sinhighspiritstoday,isn’the?________________________
14.shewasabletoovercomehersorrowbyjustbeingproudofthethingsshehadaccomplished.
beabletodosth=____succeedindoing_____=______managetodo______
15.howhassanglanadaptedtohernewlife?
1)vi.适应,适合moststudentshavelittledifficulty___adapting___to_collegelife.
2)vt.改编,改写 adaptsth.fromsth.
eg.thefilm_________________anovel.
16.iknowiwillthinkabouthowsherebuiltherlifewhenevermylifefeelsunbearable.
whenever=___no____matter_______when____,引导___让步状语__从句。
whoevercomesforhelp,wewilldoourbesttohelp.
=___nomatterwho_____comesforhelp,wewilldoourbesttohelp.
nomatterwhereyougo,youshouldbepoliteandhelpful.
=___wherever__yougo,youshouldbepoliteandhelpful.
task&project
17. ifeelcaughtbetweenwhatiwant,whatmyparentswantandwhatmy
basketballcoachwants.
feelcaughtbetween 在…中感到左右为难
i__feel/felt______caught_____between___mydesireandthereality.
18. itfeelslikeallocatingtimeforeachisjustnotpractical.
1).itfeelslikethat…好像…
2)allocatevt.分配,配给 allocationn.分配,配给量
theresultswilldependonhoweachdepartmentallocatesitsresources.
______________________________
allocatesth.forsth.
onemilliondollarshasbeenallocatedfordisasterplace.____________________
allocatesthtosb.把……分配给……
19. allihadtodowasgotoschoolandspendafewhoursstudyingwhenicamehome. 当主语部分有实义动词do时,做表语的不定式常省略to
whatiwanttodois___go___(go)homeand___have__(have)agoodnight’ssleep.
20. iwishicouldstillplaysportbecausethatmademeveryhappy.
wish虚拟用法复习
eg.howiwishi___were____(be)abird.
hewishesthathe_hadstudied____(study)hardatthattime,butit’stoolatenow.
iwishi__wouldgo___(go)theretomorrowinsteadofyou.
21.…enjoyingeachother’scompany…
company cn.公司 un.陪伴,交往 n.companion同伴,伴侣 accompanyvt.
incompanywith和……一起 keepcompanywith和……要好,伴随
eg. hecameincompanywithagroupofboys.
neverkeepcompanywithdishonestpersons.
onthefirstdayofthenewterm,hisfatheraccompaniedhimtoschool.
将本文的Word文档下载到电脑保存
推荐等级选修七unit4 学案一一.根据英语解释写出相对应的单词或短语1. twoweeks2. someone’sideaofhowsomething...
必修3module5greatpeopleandinventionsofancentchina book3module5 greatpeopleandgreatinventionsofchina二、reading1. ...
模块1 europe学案 学习目标:1.背单词表第一模块单词 2.辨析across/through/over,across/cross,be/lie/bes...
unit17disabilitiesperiod1let’slistenandspeak!goals◆talkingaboutdisability.◆practicetalkingaboutabilityandi...
myfavoritesportskiing教学案chapter1.myfavoritesport-skiinggrammar学案一、章节分析(一)综述本章节主要语法---情态动...
britishandamericanenglish教学案module1britishandamericanenglishperiodonestep1.lead-in 1.doyouliketravelling?haveyo...
unit5musicperiod4(speaking&writing)teachingaims:studentswillbeableto:writealetterforadvicetalkaboutmusic:forming...
unit1festivalsaroundtheworld(listeningandspeaking)teachinggoals1.totrainthestudents’listeningabilitythroughthel...
人教版英语必修二unit5music重难点teachingaims:1、sumupthemainideaofeachparagraph.2、understandthedetailsaboutthepas...
1.personally,istandonthesideof...就个人而言,我支持……2.asfarasi’mconcerned,iaminfavoroftheopinionthat...就我而...
高二英语unit19themerchantofvenice知识点总复习教案sectioniii 词汇语法、综合技能20.antoniolostallhisshipatsea…anton...
unit4astronomy:thescienceofthestars(vocabularyandusefulexpressions)●三维目标1.knowledge:(1)words:crack,bur...
Copyright © 2025 Duoxuexi.Com All Rights Reserved.
多学习 版权所有 粤ICP备20068283号