Unit15 Leaning to Learn教案（精选2篇）

Unit15LeaningtoLearn教案篇1

unit1leaningtolearn

【本讲教育信息】

一.教学内容：

book15unit1(i)

学会用英语简单描述个人学习英语的困难、方法

二教学重点和难点：

1.情态动词may,might的用法

2.连词if,unless,once的用法

3.词汇和词组

三.具体内容：

（一）情态动词may,might的用法

may可以表示没有把握的推测，意思是“可能”，但只能用于肯定句，might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may小。

may还可以表允许或请求的意思，用might则语气更加委婉，客气。may主要用于第一人称，而且要比用can正式的多。

mayiaskyouaquestion?

mightiuseyoureraserforawhile?

yes,please.

yes,youmay.

no,youmustn’t.

no,youhadbetternot.

no,youcan’t.

（二）连词if,unless,once的用法

e.g.ifthatistrue,whatshouldwedo?

givemeacallonceyouarriveattheairport.

onceifinishmyhomework,iwillcallyou.

iwon’tremembernewvocabularyunlessihearthem.

从属连词：只能用来引导从句，不能引导词或词组。这些从属连词包括：that,when,till,after,before,since,if,because,though,although,so…that,sothat…,assoonas,once…等。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。

1.引导名词性从句的从属连词：

（1）that

hesaid(that)hewouldcome.

thatsheisstillaliveistrue.

（2）if是否

iwonderifheisathome.

（3）whether是否

iaskedhimwhetherhewouldcome.

2.引导状语从句的从属连词：

（1）连接时间状语从句的从属连词：

ihavelivedinthiscitysinceiwasborn.

hecametochinaafterthewarwasover.

thewarhadbeenoverbeforehecametochina.

（2）连接地点状语从句的从属连词：

wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.

（3）连接让步状语从句的从属连词：

although/thoughjapanissmall,thepopulationisbig.

evenifitwassnowingheavily,wewentonrunning.

（4）连接原因状语从句的从属连词：

idoitbecauseilikeit.

sinceyouknowallaboutit,tellmeplease.

asyouareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotsituplate.

（5）连接目的状语从句的从属连词：

heworkshardthat/sothat/inorderthathemaypasstheexam.

（6）连接条件状语从句的从属连词：

ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoonapicnic.

hewillcomeunlessitrains.

oncehecomesback,iwilllethimcallyou.

（7）连接结果状语从句的从属连词：

heissokindthateveryonelikeshim.

（三）词组和词汇

1.haveahardtimedoingsth.=havedifficultyindoingsth.

ihaveahardtimelearningenglish.

2.makesb.adj.

itmakesmecrazy.

3.remember

ican’trememberthenameofthefilm.

idon’tremembersingingthecontract.

4.forget

iamsorry.i’veforgottenyourname.

5.trytodo

itriedtoopenthewindowbutcouldn’t.

6.anumberof

agreatnumberofpeoplegotravelingonholidays.

7.goover

let’sgooverourplanoncemore.

8.concentrateonsth.

heshouldconcentrateonhisstudies.

9.communicatewithsb.

mymotherhasnevercommunicatedwithme.

10.ratherthan

wheni’mgoingoutintheevening,iusemybikeratherthanthecar.

（四）text

thewaystoimproveyourmemory:

1.reviewtheinformationregularly.

2.useacoloredpentohighlighttheimportantpartsonyourbook.

3.goovertheinformationintheeveningandinthemorning.

differentlearningstyles:

manypeopleaskme“what’sthebestwaytolearn?”totellthetruth,thereisn’tonecorrectanswer.differentpeoplehavedifferentlearningstyles,thatis,theypreferdifferentwaystolearn.hereisalistofdifferentlearningstyles:

learningbyrules:thesepeopleneedtohaverulesandexplanationstounderstandnewmaterial.oncetheyfindoraregivenaruleanduseit,they’lllearnbetter.

learningbydoing:thesepeoplewilllearnbetteriftheyhavethechancetousetheirhandsorbody.theydon’tlikereadingexplanations.theylikedoingthingsmorethanjustreadingtheinformation.

learningbyseeing:thesepeoplecanunderstandbetteroncetheyseeapicture,atable,orarealobject.picturesorphotoshelpthemremembernewmaterial.whentheytrytoremembertheinformation,theywillrememberthepictureorphotofirst.

learningbyhearing:thesepeopleliketolistentosoundsandvoicesratherthanjustseeorreadsomething.itisdifficultforthemtomemorizetheknowledgeunlesstheylistentosomeonetalkaboutit.

learningalone:thesepeoplepreferlearningalone.theywon’tfeelcomfortableunlesstheystudyinaquietroom.iftheycanrelatetheknowledgetothemselves,theywilllearnfaster.

learningwithothers:thesepeopleliketocommunicatewithothers.theyliketoworkingroups.oncetheyhaveachancetodiscussthesubjectwithotherpeople,theycanunderstanditbetter.mostpeopledon’tuseonelearningstyle.theyusedifferentwaystolearn.theonlydifferenceisthatonepersonmaypreferonestyletoanother.

课堂练习：

一、补全句子。

1.你学完材料后可能想要去复习它。

you      wantto           thematerialafteryoulearnit.

2.有很多方法帮你提高记忆力。

thereare             waysto     yourmemory.

3.确定你理解了材料而不要去死记硬背。

youknowaboutthematerialanddon’treciteit

4.一旦他们找到了或者给出了规则，他们就会学得更好。

theyfindoraregivenaruleanduseit,            learnbetter.

5.除非他们听别人谈论这些知识，不然他们就很难记住这些知识。

itisdifficultforthemtomemorizetheknowledge       theylistentosomeonetalkaboutit.

二.用if,once,unless填空。

1.     theylearnusingtheirhands,theywilllearnbetter.

2.letmeknow       you’vedecidedwhattodo.

3.      hestudiesmore,hewon’tdowellontheexam.

4.you’llrememberwordsbetter     youlearntheminasong.

5.      ifinishreadingthisbook,i’lllendittoyou.

6.wewon’tgetthereontime      wehurryup.

【本讲教育信息】

一.教学内容：

book15unit1(ii)

学会简单描述个人学习语言的困难，方法和征询好的语言学习方法

二.教学重点：

1.连词的用法

2.情态动词表达建议

3.重点词汇和词组

三.具体内容：

（一）1.四个连词词组的使用：

（1）either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是……

这里有两个书包。你可以要红色的，也可以要黑色的。

herearetwobags.youcantakeeithertheredoneortheblackone.

你可以给我打电话，也可以明天找我面谈。

youcaneithercallmeorspeaktometomorrow.

不是他就是他哥哥认识去那儿的路。

eitherheorhisbrotherknowsthewaythere

（2）both…and…既……也，两者都

汤姆和吉姆都喜欢下棋。

bothtomandjimlikeplayingchess.

那个小男孩在艺术学校既学习音乐也学习舞蹈。

thelittleboystudiesbothmusicanddanceattheartschool.

她会唱歌也会跳舞。

shecanbothsinganddance.

（3）neither…nor…既不……也不……

他们的表演既没有娱乐性也没有教育性。

theirperformancewasneitherentertainingnoreducational.

他和他的父亲都不打算与警察对话。

neitherhenorhisfatherisgoingtotalktothepolice.

我爸爸和哥哥都不帮忙。

neitherdadnormybrotherhelps.

（4）notonly…butalso…不仅……而且……

那个三岁的小孩不仅会读书还会写字。

thethree-year-oldchildcannotonlyreadbutalsowrite.

昨天李宏扫了地，还倒了垃圾。

yesterdaylihongnotonlysweptthefloorbutalsotookoutthetrash.

不仅那些工人们而且他们的老板都错了。

notonlytheworkersbutalsotheirbosswaswrong.

2.并列连词的使用：

but,or,for,and,so

（1）and表并列

shegotupandfelldownagain.

（2）but表转折

heisrichbutunhappy.

（3）or表选择

whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?

（4）for,so表因果

heisabsent,forheisill.

it’stoodark,soicouldn’tseeanything.

（二）情态动词表达建议

youcanlistentoarecordingofthelesson.

youshouldn’tstudyeverythinginonenight.

inthiscountry,youhavetodriveontheleft.

ithinkitmightrainlaterthisafternoon.

youmustn’teatordrinkinclass.

建议：

youshouldknowmoreaboutyourself.

youcanreadandlistentoenglishalottoimproveyourenglish.

youshouldlistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.

其他方法：

whynot…

whydon’tyou…

howabout…

whatabout…

let’s…

（三）词汇和词组：

1.takecharge

itakechargeandleadthegroup.

2.thinkabout

beforeyoutalk,youneedtothinkitabout.

3.readthrough

let’sreadthroughthetext.

4.lookup

ihavetolookupthenewwordsinthedictionaries.

5.beclearabout

i’mnotclearaboutthematerial.

6.findout

canyoufindoutwhyhehurthisleg.

7.attheendof

gostraighton,youwillseethepostofficeattheendoftheroad.

8.receivepraisefromsb.

ineedtoreceivepraisefrommyteachers,soihaveconfidenceinmyself.

9.practicedoingsth.

youneedtopracticespeakingenglishalot.

10.the+比较级，the+比较级

theharderyouwork,thebetteryoulearn.

11.getinvolvedin卷入，介入，涉及

去年这个国家卷入了战争。

thecountrygotinvolvedinthewarlastyear

我卷入了一些莫名其妙的事情中。

iwasinvolvedinsomethingidon’tunderstand.

12.behonestwithsb/sth.

youshouldbehonestwithyourlearning.

（四）text:englishlearningtips

itmaybedifficulttoonlyspeakenglishduringyourenglishclass,butitwillhelpyoulearnfaster.speakchineseonlywhenitisreallynecessaryandonlyifyouhavealreadytriedseveraltimestoexplainyourselfinenglish.trytogetinvolvedinenglishactivities,forexample,watchenglishmoviesorjoinenglishbookclubs.themoreyouhearandreadenglish,thebetter!don’tfeelembarrassedifyou’renotsureaboutsomethinginenglish.it’sokaytotellyourteacherthatyoudon’tknowtheanswer.behonestwithyourselfandyourteacher.finally,doyourhomeworkcarefully.makeanoteofanyexercisesyoudon’tunderstandsoyoucanaskyourteacheraboutthemthenextclass.

课堂练习：

i.从所给连词中选择合适的，填入下列各句的空格内。

that,what,which,who,how,why,whether,when,howlong,howmany

1.iwanttoknow_______theyarepreparingfor.

2.pleasetellhim_______thetrainwillarrive.iwanthimtocometothestationtomeetme.

3.canyoutellme_______hewillcomeornot?

4.idon’tknow_______heisalwayslate.hishouseisnotfarawayfromhere.

5.canyoutellme_______lessonisthemostdifficultinbookv?

6.idon’tknow_______hecoulddrawapictureinfiveminutes.hemusthaveagoodway.

7.hedidn’tknow________hismotherwasill.

8.doyouknow_______hasbrokentheglass?

9.idon’tknow_______booksheboughtyesterday.

10.canyoutellme________heisgoingtostaythere?

ii.用括号中适当的连词填空。

1.tom____(or,but,and)jimarebrothers.

2.limingdoesn’tlikeoranges,____(for,but,or)emidoes.

3.isthisbagyours____(and,or,so)jane’s?

4.bothnancy____ellenplaythepiano.

5.eitherbill____(and,or,nor)tomatethecake.

6.neithermike____(and,or,nor)roselikesenglish.

7.________(if,when,because)hecamehome,hisfatherwaswatchingtv.

8.i’llvisitmyuncle_______(when,if,after)it’sfinetomorrow.

9.bobstayedathome_______(because,if,before)hewassick.

10.hermothertriedtodosomething,_______(so,because,but,that)shecouldn’tdoanything.

11.wecandogreatthingsforourtown______(if,but,what,before)weworktogether.

12.ithinkyou’velearnedalotinchina_______(before,since,if,that)youcamehere.

13.gotoseethedoctoratonce,______(or,and,so)yourcoldmaygetworse.

14.whichdoyoulikebetter,cats_____(or,and,but)dogs?

keys:

i.1.what 2.when 3.whether 4.why 5.which

6.how 7.that 8.who 9.howmany 10.howlong

ii.1.and 2.but 3.or 4.and 5.or 6.nor 7.when

8.if 9.because 10.but 11.if 12.since 13.or 14.or

Unit15LeaningtoLearn教案篇2

unit15 leaningtolearn教案

【本讲教育信息】

一.教学内容：

unit15lesson1(i)

学会用英语简单描述个人学习英语的困难、方法

二教学重点和难点：

1.情态动词may,might的用法

2.连词if,unless,once的用法

3.词汇和词组

三.具体内容：

（一）情态动词may,might的用法

may可以表示没有把握的推测，意思是“可能”，但只能用于肯定句，might表示推测时，不表示时态，只是可能性比may小。

may还可以表允许或请求的意思，用might则语气更加委婉，客气。may主要用于第一人称，而且要比用can正式的多。

mayiaskyouaquestion?

mightiuseyoureraserforawhile?

yes,please.

yes,youmay.

no,youmustn’t.

no,youhadbetternot.

no,youcan’t.

（二）连词if,unless,once的用法

e.g.ifthatistrue,whatshouldwedo?

givemeacallonceyouarriveattheairport.

onceifinishmyhomework,iwillcallyou.

iwon’tremembernewvocabularyunlessihearthem.

从属连词：只能用来引导从句，不能引导词或词组。这些从属连词包括：that,when,till,after,before,since,if,because,though,although,so…that,sothat…,assoonas,once…等。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。

1.引导名词性从句的从属连词：

（1）that

hesaid(that)hewouldcome.

thatsheisstillaliveistrue.

（2）if是否

iwonderifheisathome.

（3）whether是否

iaskedhimwhetherhewouldcome.

2.引导状语从句的从属连词：

（1）连接时间状语从句的从属连词：

ihavelivedinthiscitysinceiwasborn.

hecametochinaafterthewarwasover.

thewarhadbeenoverbeforehecametochina.

（2）连接地点状语从句的从属连词：

wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.

（3）连接让步状语从句的从属连词：

although/thoughjapanissmall,thepopulationisbig.

evenifitwassnowingheavily,wewentonrunning.

（4）连接原因状语从句的从属连词：

idoitbecauseilikeit.

sinceyouknowallaboutit,tellmeplease.

asyouareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotsituplate.

（5）连接目的状语从句的从属连词：

heworkshardthat/sothat/inorderthathemaypasstheexam.

（6）连接条件状语从句的从属连词：

ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoonapicnic.

hewillcomeunlessitrains.

oncehecomesback,iwilllethimcallyou.

（7）连接结果状语从句的从属连词：

heissokindthateveryonelikeshim.

（三）词组和词汇

1.haveahardtimedoingsth.=havedifficultyindoingsth.

ihaveahardtimelearningenglish.

2.makesb.adj.

itmakesmecrazy.

3.remember

ican’trememberthenameofthefilm.

idon’tremembersingingthecontract.

4.forget

iamsorry.i’veforgottenyourname.

5.trytodo

itriedtoopenthewindowbutcouldn’t.

6.anumberof

agreatnumberofpeoplegotravelingonholidays.

7.goover

let’sgooverourplanoncemore.

8.concentrateonsth.

heshouldconcentrateonhisstudies.

9.communicatewithsb.

mymotherhasnevercommunicatedwithme.

10.ratherthan

wheni’mgoingoutintheevening,iusemybikeratherthanthecar.

（四）text

thewaystoimproveyourmemory:

1.reviewtheinformationregularly.

2.useacoloredpentohighlighttheimportantpartsonyourbook.

3.goovertheinformationintheeveningandinthemorning.

differentlearningstyles:

manypeopleaskme“what’sthebestwaytolearn?”totellthetruth,thereisn’tonecorrectanswer.differentpeoplehavedifferentlearningstyles,thatis,theypreferdifferentwaystolearn.hereisalistofdifferentlearningstyles:

learningbyrules:thesepeopleneedtohaverulesandexplanationstounderstandnewmaterial.oncetheyfindoraregivenaruleanduseit,they’lllearnbetter.

learningbydoing:thesepeoplewilllearnbetteriftheyhavethechancetousetheirhandsorbody.theydon’tlikereadingexplanations.theylikedoingthingsmorethanjustreadingtheinformation.

learningbyseeing:thesepeoplecanunderstandbetteroncetheyseeapicture,atable,orarealobject.picturesorphotoshelpthemremembernewmaterial.whentheytrytoremembertheinformation,theywillrememberthepictureorphotofirst.

learningbyhearing:thesepeopleliketolistentosoundsandvoicesratherthanjustseeorreadsomething.itisdifficultforthemtomemorizetheknowledgeunlesstheylistentosomeonetalkaboutit.

learningalone:thesepeoplepreferlearningalone.theywon’tfeelcomfortableunlesstheystudyinaquietroom.iftheycanrelatetheknowledgetothemselves,theywilllearnfaster.

learningwithothers:thesepeopleliketocommunicatewithothers.theyliketoworkingroups.oncetheyhaveachancetodiscussthesubjectwithotherpeople,theycanunderstanditbetter.mostpeopledon’tuseonelearningstyle.theyusedifferentwaystolearn.theonlydifferenceisthatonepersonmaypreferonestyletoanother.

课堂练习：

一、补全句子。

1.你学完材料后可能想要去复习它。

you      wantto           thematerialafteryoulearnit.

2.有很多方法帮你提高记忆力。

thereare             waysto     yourmemory.

3.确定你理解了材料而不要去死记硬背。

youknowaboutthematerialanddon’treciteit

4.一旦他们找到了或者给出了规则，他们就会学得更好。

theyfindoraregivenaruleanduseit,            learnbetter.

5.除非他们听别人谈论这些知识，不然他们就很难记住这些知识。

itisdifficultforthemtomemorizetheknowledge       theylistentosomeonetalkaboutit.

二.用if,once,unless填空。

1.     theylearnusingtheirhands,theywilllearnbetter.

2.letmeknow       you’vedecidedwhattodo.

3.      hestudiesmore,hewon’tdowellontheexam.

4.you’llrememberwordsbetter     youlearntheminasong.

5.      ifinishreadingthisbook,i’lllendittoyou.

6.wewon’tgetthereontime      wehurryup.

【本讲教育信息】

一.教学内容：

book15unit1(ii)

学会简单描述个人学习语言的困难，方法和征询好的语言学习方法

二.教学重点：

1.连词的用法

2.情态动词表达建议

3.重点词汇和词组

三.具体内容：

（一）1.四个连词词组的使用：

（1）either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是……

这里有两个书包。你可以要红色的，也可以要黑色的。

herearetwobags.youcantakeeithertheredoneortheblackone.

你可以给我打电话，也可以明天找我面谈。

youcaneithercallmeorspeaktometomorrow.

不是他就是他哥哥认识去那儿的路。

eitherheorhisbrotherknowsthewaythere

（2）both…and…既……也，两者都

汤姆和吉姆都喜欢下棋。

bothtomandjimlikeplayingchess.

那个小男孩在艺术学校既学习音乐也学习舞蹈。

thelittleboystudiesbothmusicanddanceattheartschool.

她会唱歌也会跳舞。

shecanbothsinganddance.

（3）neither…nor…既不……也不……

他们的表演既没有娱乐性也没有教育性。

theirperformancewasneitherentertainingnoreducational.

他和他的父亲都不打算与警察对话。

neitherhenorhisfatherisgoingtotalktothepolice.

我爸爸和哥哥都不帮忙。

neitherdadnormybrotherhelps.

（4）notonly…butalso…不仅……而且……

那个三岁的小孩不仅会读书还会写字。

thethree-year-oldchildcannotonlyreadbutalsowrite.

昨天李宏扫了地，还倒了垃圾。

yesterdaylihongnotonlysweptthefloorbutalsotookoutthetrash.

不仅那些工人们而且他们的老板都错了。

notonlytheworkersbutalsotheirbosswaswrong.

2.并列连词的使用：

but,or,for,and,so

（1）and表并列

shegotupandfelldownagain.

（2）but表转折

heisrichbutunhappy.

（3）or表选择

whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?

（4）for,so表因果

heisabsent,forheisill.

it’stoodark,soicouldn’tseeanything.

（二）情态动词表达建议

youcanlistentoarecordingofthelesson.

youshouldn’tstudyeverythinginonenight.

inthiscountry,youhavetodriveontheleft.

ithinkitmightrainlaterthisafternoon.

youmustn’teatordrinkinclass.

建议：

youshouldknowmoreaboutyourself.

youcanreadandlistentoenglishalottoimproveyourenglish.

youshouldlistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.

其他方法：

whynot…

whydon’tyou…

howabout…

whatabout…

let’s…

（三）词汇和词组：

1.takecharge

itakechargeandleadthegroup.

2.thinkabout

beforeyoutalk,youneedtothinkitabout.

3.readthrough

let’sreadthroughthetext.

4.lookup

ihavetolookupthenewwordsinthedictionaries.

5.beclearabout

i’mnotclearaboutthematerial.

6.findout

canyoufindoutwhyhehurthisleg.

7.attheendof

gostraighton,youwillseethepostofficeattheendoftheroad.

8.receivepraisefromsb.

ineedtoreceivepraisefrommyteachers,soihaveconfidenceinmyself.

9.practicedoingsth.

youneedtopracticespeakingenglishalot.

10.the+比较级，the+比较级

theharderyouwork,thebetteryoulearn.

11.getinvolvedin卷入，介入，涉及

去年这个国家卷入了战争。

thecountrygotinvolvedinthewarlastyear

我卷入了一些莫名其妙的事情中。

iwasinvolvedinsomethingidon’tunderstand.

12.behonestwithsb/sth.

youshouldbehonestwithyourlearning.

（四）text:englishlearningtips

itmaybedifficulttoonlyspeakenglishduringyourenglishclass,butitwillhelpyoulearnfaster.speakchineseonlywhenitisreallynecessaryandonlyifyouhavealreadytriedseveraltimestoexplainyourselfinenglish.trytogetinvolvedinenglishactivities,forexample,watchenglishmoviesorjoinenglishbookclubs.themoreyouhearandreadenglish,thebetter!don’tfeelembarrassedifyou’renotsureaboutsomethinginenglish.it’sokaytotellyourteacherthatyoudon’tknowtheanswer.behonestwithyourselfandyourteacher.finally,doyourhomeworkcarefully.makeanoteofanyexercisesyoudon’tunderstandsoyoucanaskyourteacheraboutthemthenextclass.

课堂练习：

i.从所给连词中选择合适的，填入下列各句的空格内。

that,what,which,who,how,why,whether,when,howlong,howmany

1.iwanttoknow_______theyarepreparingfor.

2.pleasetellhim_______thetrainwillarrive.iwanthimtocometothestationtomeetme.

3.canyoutellme_______hewillcomeornot?

4.idon’tknow_______heisalwayslate.hishouseisnotfarawayfromhere.

5.canyoutellme_______lessonisthemostdifficultinbookv?

6.idon’tknow_______hecoulddrawapictureinfiveminutes.hemusthaveagoodway.

7.hedidn’tknow________hismotherwasill.

8.doyouknow_______hasbrokentheglass?

9.idon’tknow_______booksheboughtyesterday.

10.canyoutellme________heisgoingtostaythere?

ii.用括号中适当的连词填空。

1.tom____(or,but,and)jimarebrothers.

2.limingdoesn’tlikeoranges,____(for,but,or)emidoes.

3.isthisbagyours____(and,or,so)jane’s?

4.bothnancy____ellenplaythepiano.

5.eitherbill____(and,or,nor)tomatethecake.

6.neithermike____(and,or,nor)roselikesenglish.

7.________(if,when,because)hecamehome,hisfatherwaswatchingtv.

8.i’llvisitmyuncle_______(when,if,after)it’sfinetomorrow.

9.bobstayedathome_______(because,if,before)hewassick.

10.hermothertriedtodosomething,_______(so,because,but,that)shecouldn’tdoanything.

11.wecandogreatthingsforourtown______(if,but,what,before)weworktogether.

12.ithinkyou’velearnedalotinchina_______(before,since,if,that)youcamehere.

13.gotoseethedoctoratonce,______(or,and,so)yourcoldmaygetworse.

14.whichdoyoulikebetter,cats_____(or,and,but)dogs?

keys:

i.1.what 2.when 3.whether 4.why 5.which

6.how 7.that 8.who 9.howmany 10.howlong

ii.1.and 2.but 3.or 4.and 5.or 6.nor 7.when

8.if 9.because 10.but 11.if 12.since 13.or 14.or