纪律(Discipline)

discipline(纪律)

somepeoplesaythatthebestwaytoraisechildrenistothemtobeindependentthinkers.otherpeopledisagreeandsaythatchildrenneedtobetaughtdisciplineinordertoletthemsuccessful.inotherword,childrenshouldeitherbegranted(假定)freedom,orbegivenmorediscipline.itendtoagreewithapolicyoffirm(稳固的)discipline.thepeoplewhoseviewplacesemphasis(重点)onencouragingchildrentothinkfreelyhopethechildwillbeabletounderstandandgovern(管理)theworld.thechildisconsideredasan“equal”totheadult.thisviewhasbeenpopularinthewesterncountries,wherecorporal(身体的)punishmentofchildrenisnowillegal.theconcept(观念)of“rights”forchildrenispartofawiderpolitical(政治上的)movementthatalsoasserts(声称)rightforwomen,animalsandenvironment.

thepro-disciplineviewisbasedonthecommonsensical(常识)observation(观察)that,ifleftunchecked(没有管束的),childrenbehavestupidlyandevenrunamok(杀人狂地,狂乱的).disciplinarians(严格的人)believethatphysical(肉体的)constrains(强迫)andpunishmentsimposed(强加于)byadultteachthechildthathisselfishness,lazinessandrunningwildwillleadhimtoabadlife.thechildthengainswisdom(明智)throughlessons.constraints(约束)andpunishmentsrangefromasimplewithdrawing(离开)ofa“privilege(特权)”suchaspocketmoney,limitedtimeforwatchingtv,toaremark(谈论)of“beating”.yetthedisciplinedoesnothavetobeharsh(粗糙的).sanctions(打破国际制裁的个人)areonlyapplied(实用的)ifthechildbehavesstupidly.disciplinehasmanyareasofpractical(实践的),oneofthemostimportantofwhichiseducation.thechineseproverbsays,“thestrictteachercancultivate(培养)anoutstanding(杰出的)student.”someadultshaveobserved(注意到)thatstrictschoolsoftenachievegoodacademic(大学生,大学的)accomplishment(成就).likewise(同样地),peoplereckon(计算)thatdisciplinedchildrenarelikelytobecomeproductivepersons.

itisobvioustomethatanuncontrolledchildwhodoesdangerousmatterscancauseinjury(损害)tohimselfandtoothers.andmanyviolentteenagersappeartobehavenofearofpunishmentforillegalaction.soparentsshouldnotgivechildrenafreehand,especiallywhentheycan’ttellrightfromwrong.adultshaveaseriousdutyofsupervising(监督)theyoung.

disciplineisjustifiedbecauseadultsaregenerallywiserthanchildren.disciplineinchildhoodfosters(养育)thechildforthehardshipofhisfuturelife.