讲话的类型(Types of Speech)

standardusageincludesthosewordsandexpressionsunderstood,used,andacceptedbyamajorityofthespeakersofalanguageinanysituationregardlessofthelevelofformality.assuch,thesewordsandexpressionsarewelldefinedandlistedinstandarddictionaries.

colloquialisms,ontheotherhand,arefamiliarwordsandidiomsthatareunderstoodbyalmostallspeakersofalanguageandusedininformalspeechorwriting,butnotconsideredappropriateformoreformalsituations.almostallidiomaticexpressionsarecolloquiallanguage.slang,however,referstowordsandexpressionsunderstoodbyalargenumberofspeakersbutnotacceptedasgood,formalusagebythemajority.colloquialexpressionsandevenslangmaybefoundinstandarddictionariesbutwillbesoidentified.bothcolloquialusageandslangaremorecommoninspeechthaninwriting.

colloquialspeechoftenpassesintostandardspeech.someslangalsopassesintostandardspeech,butotherslangexpressionsenjoymomentarypopularityfollowedbyobscurity.insomecases,themajorityneveracceptscertainslangphrasesbutneverthelessretainsthemintheircollectivememories.

everygenerationseemstorequireitsownsetofwordstodescribefamiliarobjectsandevents.ithasbeenpointedoutbyanumberoflinguiststhatthreeculturalconditionsarenecessaryforthecreationofalargebodyofslangexpressions.first,theintroductionandacceptanceofnewobjectsandsituationsinthesociety;second,adiversepopulationwithalargenumberofsubgroups;third,associationamongthesubgroupsandthemajoritypopulation.

finally,itisworthnotingthattheterms"standard""colloquial"and"slang"existonlyasabstractlabelsforscholarswhostudylanguage.onlyatinynumberofthespeakersofanylanguagewillbeawarethattheyareusingcolloquialorslangexpressions.mostspeakersofenglishwill,duringappropriatesituations,selectanduseallthreetypesofexpressions.