谣言(Rumor)

rumoristhemostprimitive(原始的)wayofspreadingstories—bypassingthemonfrommouthtomouth.butcivilized(文明的)countriesinnormaltimeshavebettersourcesofnewsthanrumor.theyhaveradio,television,andnewspaper.

intimesofstressandconfusion,however,rumoremergesandbecomeswidespread.rumorsspreadespeciallyrapidlyduringwarswhenthecustomarynewssourcesnolongergiveoutenoughinformation.sincethepeoplecannotlearnthroughlegitimate(合

法的)channels,rumorthrives(繁荣).everthosewhodonotbelievethemoftenrepeatrumors.thereisafascination(魅力)aboutthem.thereasonisthatthecleverlydesigned(设计好的)rumorgivesexpressiontosomethingdeepintheheartsofthevictims(牺牲者).pessimistic(悲观的)rumorsaboutdefeatanddisastersshowthatthepeoplewhorepeatthemareworriedandanxious.optimisticrumorsaboutproductionrecordorpeacebringaboutconfidence---andoftenoverconfidence.

emotion

showingfeelings

whatmakeslifeworthliving?therearemanypossibleanswerstothisquestionsuchas“goodhealth”,”acomfortablehome”,“plentyoffriends”or”longholidays”.butthesethingswouldnotmakelifeworthliving,unlesswewereabletoenjoythem.whetherornotwecanenjoythesethingsdependsontheemotions.emotionisthewordweusetodescribefeelingssuchaslove,hatred(仇恨),joy,sorrow(悲痛),fear,anger,hope,gloom(忧郁的心情),etc.thesefeelingsplayanimportantpartinourlives:theynotonlyinfluenceourhappinessbutalsoaffectourhealth.

anystrongemotionproducescertainchangesinsidethebody.forexample,whenapersonisfrightenedorangry,hisheartbeatsfasterandtheactivityofhisstomachstops.ifheisfrequentlyfrightenedorangrythesechangeswillbetakingplaceallthetime.ifthisgoesonforlong,hishealthwillbeaffected.hewillbegintosufferfromtiredness,stomachtrouble,sleeplessnessandlossofweight.thesechangesaresometimedescribedas“sufferingfromhisnerves”.actually,itisnothisnervesthatareresponsibleforhissuffering,buthisemotion.

peopleoftenspeakoftheneedofcontrolemotions.andintelligentmanwillconstantlymonitor(监视)hisemotions.itistruethatemotionscansurge(汹涌)upsoquicklythatyoumaydosomethingonthespurofthemomentyouwillregretlater.onethingyoucandowhenyouhaveastrongfeeling----whetheritisagoodoneorabadone---istotrytodeterminewhatcausedit.ifitisabadfeeling,thenyouwillknowtokeepawayfromsituationlikethatinthefuture.ifitisagoodfeeling,thenyouwillknowwhatwillgiveyoumoregoodfeeling.

anotherwaytocontrolyouremotionsistotallabouthowyoufeelwithotherpeople.ifyoucansaywhyyoufeelbad,thenyouwillbehalfwaytogettingagrip(控制)onthatfeeling.itwillbeasthoughthethinkingpartofthebrainishelpingthefeelingpartofyourbrainslowdownalittle.someemotionsarebetteravoidedcompletely.thecold,sinister(恶意的),snake-likeemotionsofhateandjealousy(妒忌)shouldalwaysbecontained(泰然自若的)assoonastheybegintotempt(引诱)aperson.jealousyandhatemakeapersonmentallysmallandstupid.theyshouldnotbeshownandtheyshouldbeextinguished(熄灭).