更新时间:2025-08-07 14:28:37
Throughoutthemillennia,studentsofallagesinChinahavehadtoendurethemiseriesoflearningbyrote.Teachershavestifledcreativityinthepursuitoftheaccumulationoffacts,andparentshaveforcedchildrentospendmind-numbinghourscrammingforexams.Butforthepastyear,thegovernmenthasbeenexperimentingwithwhatcouldamounttorevolutionarychangesinChina'sclassrooms.Theaimistomakeeducationmorepleasant,moreusefuland,aboveall,tochallengestudentstothinkforthemselves.
WhathaspromptedthereformsisabelatedrecognitionthatChina'seducationsystemisfailingtoproduceenoughinnovativethinkers.Inaddition,studentsaredeeplyunhappy.AsurveyconductedbytheEducationMinistryfiveyearsagofoundmorethan80%ofstudentsdislikedschool.Dropoutrateshavebeenrisinginruralareas—partlyforeconomicreasonsbutalsobecauseofthestultifyingatmosphereoftheirclassrooms.Exampressuresfrequentlyleadtosuicides.Accordingtoasurveylastyearamongseniorsecondary-schoolstudentsanduniversityfreshmeninonearea,morethan50%hadconsideredkillingthemselves.
SeveralothercountriesinEastAsia,includingJapan,SouthKoreaandChineseTaiwan,aregrapplingwithsimilarproblems.ButtheimplicationsofChina'sreformeffortsareparticularlyprofound.China'straditionaleducationmethodsareideallysuitedtoapoliticalculturethatrequirescitizenstosubmitblindlytoauthority.Byencouragingstudentstoquestiontheirteachersandregardthemasequals(evenofficialliteraturenowtalksoffosteringa“democratic”atmosphereinclassrooms),Chinacouldbeusheringinanewkindofrelationshipbetweentherulersandtheruled.
整个几千年,在中国所有年龄段的学生不得不忍受苦难的死记硬背。老师扼杀创造力的追求事实的积累,和家长迫使孩子花的小时死记硬背的考试。但在过去的一年里,政府一直在尝试什么革命性的变化在中国的教室。目的是使教育更愉快、更有用,最重要的是,挑战学生独立思考。
什么促使改革是一个迟来的承认,中国的教育系统是无法产生足够的创新的思想家。此外,学生感到非常不满。五年前教育部进行的一项调查发现,超过80%的学生不喜欢学校。农村辍学率一直在上升的经济原因,还因为愚蠢的教室的气氛。经常考试压力导致自杀。去年的一项调查显示,在高级中学学生和大学新生在一个地区,超过50%的人认为是自杀。
其他几个国家在东亚,包括日本、韩国和中国台湾,也面临着类似的问题。但中国的改革努力的影响尤为深刻。中国传统的教育方法是适合一个政治文化,需要公民提交盲目权威。通过鼓励学生质疑老师和把他们视为等于(甚至现在官方文学对话培养“民主”的气氛中在教室),中国可能成为引领一种新的统治者和被统治者之间的关系。
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