有关复活节的作文：复活节英语作文范例

有关复活节的作文：复活节英语作文范例

excursusonthesubsequenthistoryoftheeasterquestion

.(hefele:hist.ofthecouncils,vol.i.,pp.328etseqq.)

thedifferencesinthewayoffixingtheperiodofeasterdidnotindeeddisappearafterthecouncilofnicea.alexandriaandromecouldnotagree,eitherbecauseoneofthetwochurchesneglectedtomakethecalculationforeaster,orbecausetheotherconsidereditinaccurate.itisafact,provedbytheancienteastertableoftheromanchurch,thatthecycleofeighty-fouryearscontinuedtobeusedatromeasbefore.nowthiscycledifferedinmanywaysfromthealexandrian,anddidnotalwaysagreewithitabouttheperiodforeaster--infact(a),theromansusedquiteanothermethodfromthealexandrians;theycalculatedfromtheepact,andbeganfromtheferiaprimaofjanuary.(b.)theromansweremistakeninplacingthefullmoonalittletoosoon;whilstthealexandriansplaceditalittletoolate.(c.)atrometheequinoxwassupposedtofallonmarch18th;whilstthealexandriansplaceditonmarch21st.(d.)finally,theromansdifferedinthisfromthegreeksalso;theydidnotcelebrateeasterthenextdaywhenthefullmoonfellonthesaturday.

eventheyearfollowingthecouncilofnicea--thatis,in326--aswellasintheyears330,333,340,341,343,thelatinscelebratedeasteronadifferentdayfromthealexandrians.inordertoputanendtothismisunderstanding,thesynodofsardicain343,aswelearnfromthenewlydiscoveredfestivallettersofs.athanasius,tookupagainthequestionofeaster,andbroughtthetwoparties(alexandriansandromans)toregulate,bymeansofmutualconcessions,acommondayforeasterforthenextfiftyyears.thiscompromise,afterafewyears,wasnotobserved.thetroublesexcitedbythearianheresy,andthedivisionwhichitcausedbetweentheeastandthewest,preventedthedecreeofsardicafrombeingputintoexecution;thereforetheemperortheodosiusthegreat,afterthere-establishmentofpeaceinthechurch,foundhimselfobligedtotakefreshstepsforobtainingacompleteuniformityinthemannerofcelebratingeaster.in387,theromanshavingkepteasteronmarch21st,thealexandriansdidnotdosoforfiveweekslater--thatistosay,tillapril25th--becausewiththealexandrianstheequinoxwasnottillmarch21st.theemperortheodosiusthegreatthenaskedtheophilus,bishopofalexandriaforanexplanationofthedifference.thebishoprespondedtotheemperorsdesire,anddrewupachronologicaltableoftheeasterfestivals,basedupontheprinciplesacknowledgedbythechurchofalexandria.unfortunately,wenowpossessonlytheprologueofhiswork.

uponaninvitationfromrome,s.ambrosealsomentionedtheperiodofthissameeasterin387,inhislettertothebishopsofaemilia,andhesideswiththealexandriancomputation.cyrilofalexandriaabridgedthepaschaltableofhisuncletheophilus,andfixedthetimefortheninety-fivefollowingeasters--thatis,from436to531afterchrist.besidesthiscyrilshowed,inalettertothepope,whatwasdefectiveinthelatincalculation;andthisdemonstrationwastakenupagain,sometimeafter,byorderoftheemperor,bypaschasinus,bishopoflilybaeumandproteriusofalexandria,inaletterwrittenbythemtopopeleoi.inconsequenceofthesecommunications,popeleooftengavethepreferencetothealexandriancomputation,insteadofthatofthechurchofrome.atthesametimealsowasgenerallyestablished,theopinionsolittleentertainedbytheancientauthoritiesofthechurch--onemightevensay,sostronglyincontradictiontotheirteaching--thatchristpartookofthepassoveronthe14thnisan,thathediedonthe15th(notonthe14th,astheancientsconsidered),thathelayinthegraveonthe16th,androseagainonthe17th.intheletterwehavejustmentioned,proteriusofalexandriaopenlyadmittedallthesedifferentpoints.

someyearsafterwards,in457,victorofaquitane,byorderoftheromanarchdeaconhilary,endeavouredtomaketheromanandthealexandriancalculationsagreetogether.ithasbeenconjecturedthatsubsequentlyhilary,whenpope,broughtvictorscalculationintouse,in456--thatis,atthetimewhenthecycleofeighty-fouryearscametoanend.inthelattercyclethenewmoonsweremarkedmoreaccurately,andthechiefdifferencesexistingbetweenthelatinandgreekcalculationsdisappeared;sothattheeasterofthelatinsgenerallycoincidedwiththatofalexandria,orwasonlyaverylittleremovedfromit.incaseswhentheidfellonasaturday,victordidnotwishtodecidewhethereastershouldbecelebratedthenextday,asthealexandriansdid,orshouldbepostponedforaweek.heindicatesbothdatesinhistable,andleavesthepopetodecidewhatwastobedoneineachseparatecase.evenaftervictorscalculations,therestillremainedgreatdifferencesinthemanneroffixingthecelebrationofeaster;anditwasdionysiusthelesswhofirstcompletelyovercamethem,bygivingtothelatinsapaschaltablehavingasitsbasisthecycleofnineteenyears.thiscycleperfectlycorrespondedtothatofalexandria,andthusestablishedthatharmonywhichhadbeensolongsoughtinvain.heshowedtheadvantagesofhiscalculationsostrongly,thatitwasadmittedbyromeandbythewholeofitaly;whilstalmostthewholeofgaulremainedfaithfultovictorscanon,andgreatbritainstillheldthecycleofeighty-fouryears,alittleimprovedbysulpiciusseverus.whentheheptarchywasevangelizedbytheromanmissionaries,thenewconvertsacceptedthecalculationofdionysius,whilsttheancientchurchesofwalesheldfasttheiroldtradition.fromthisarosethewell-knownbritishdissensionsaboutthecelebrationofeaster,whichweretransplantedbycolumbanintogaul.in729,themajorityoftheancientbritishchurchesacceptedthecycleofnineteenyears.ithadbeforebeenintroducedintospain,immediatelyaftertheconversionofreccared.finally,undercharlesthegreat,thecycleofnineteenyearstriumphedoverallopposition;andthusthewholeofchristendomwasunited,forthequartodecimanshadgraduallydisappeared.(1)