更新时间:2025-08-07 14:28:37
ThedateofChineseNewYear,indifferentdynasties.XiadynastyinJanuary,atthebeginningofshangdynastyatthebeginningofDecember,ZhouChaodinginNovember,atthebeginningoftheqindynastywassetforOctoberthefirst.Tothebeginningofthewesternhandynasty(104BC),ofthefirstyearofemperoracceptedsimaqianandothersrecommendtheuseof"thebeginningcalendar",restoredasummeristhelunarcalendar,forthefirstmonthandatput24solartermsinacalendar.Laterdynasties,thoughamodificationaboutcalendar,butbasicallystillin"thebeginningcalendar",inasummerMengChunforthebeginningofthefirst,thefirstdayforNewYear'sday,thefirstlunarmonthganjitsu,namely,thefirstdayoftheNewYear.
Afterxinhairevolutionin1911,theqingrulewasoverthrown,sunyat-sensetupthegovernmentoftherepublicofChinainnanjing.ProvincesDouDuFurepresentativesheldameetinginnanjing,todiscussthecalendar.Reachedatthemeeting"lineasummer,sothesuitableseason;fromthewestern,sostatistics"consensus,decidedtousetheGregoriancalendar,thecalendaronJanuary1,custom-built"NewYear",thefirstlunarmonthiscalled"SpringFestival",buthasnotofficiallynamedandpromotion.OnSeptember27,1949,thefirstplenarysessionoftheChinesepeople'spoliticalconsultativeconferencebyusing"Gregoriancalendardatingmethod",theGregoriancalendaronJanuary1asthe"NewYear'sday",mustbeknownasthe"SpringFestival"atthebeginningofthedayofthefirstlunarmonthandtheSpringFestivalholidaythreedays,letpeoplewarmlycelebratethelunarNewYear.
Inthecourseoftwothousandyearsofhistory,ourcountryhasexperiencedgermination,finalizethedesign,theNewYearcustomfission,transformationofthedevelopmentprocess.
中国新年的日期,在各朝代并不相同。夏朝定在一月初一,商朝定在十二月初一,周朝定在十一月初一,秦朝定在十月初一。到西汉太初元年(公元前104年),汉武帝接受司马迁等人的建议使用《太初历》,恢复了夏历即农历,以正月为岁首,把二十四节气订入历法。后来历朝历代虽对历法有过修改,但基本上仍然以《太初历》为蓝本,以夏历的孟春正月为岁首,正月初一为元旦、元日,即新年的第一天。
1911年辛亥革命以后,清朝统治被推翻,孙中山在南京建立中华民国政府。各省都督府代表在南京召开会议,讨论历法问题。会上达成了“行夏历,所以顺农时;从西历,所以便统计”的共识,决定使用公历,把公历1月1日定做“新年”,把农历正月初一称做“春节”,但并未正式命名和推广。1949年9月27日,中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过使用“公历纪年法”,将公历1月1日定为“元旦”,把农历正月初一定名为“春节”,并规定春节放假三天,让人们热烈地庆祝农历新年。
在两千多年的历史进程中,我国的新年礼俗经历了萌芽、定型、裂变、转型的发展过程。
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